PHYSICS SYLLABUS
1. Mechanics and Waves: Dimensional analysis. Newton’s laws of motion and
applications, variable mass systems, projectiles. Rotational dynamics kinetic energy, angular
momentum, theorems of moment of inertia and calculations in simple cases. Conservative
forces, frictional forces. Gravitational potential and intensity due to spherical objects. Central
forces, Kepler’s problem, escape velocity and artificial satellites (including GPS). Streamline
motion, viscosity, Poiseuille’s equation. Applications of Bernoulli’s equation and Stokes’ law.
Special relativity and Lorentz transformation length contraction, time dilation, mass energy
relation.
Simple harmonic motion, Lissajous figures. Damped oscillation, forced oscillation and
resonance. Beats, Phase and group velocities. Stationary waves, vibration of strings and air
columns, longitudinal waves in solids. Doppler effect. Ultrasonics and applications.
2. Geometrical and Physical Optics: Laws of reflection and refraction from Fermat’s
principle. Matrix method in paraxial optics thin lens formula, nodal planes, system of two thin
lenses. Chromatic and spherical aberrations. Simple optical instruments magnifier, eyepieces,
telescopes and microscopes.
Huygen’s principle reflection and refraction of waves. Interference of light – Young’s
experiment, Newton’s rings, interference by thin films, Michelson interferometer. Fraunhofer
diffraction single slit, double slit, diffraction grating, resolving power. Fresnel diffraction half
period zones and zone plate. Production and detection of linearly, circularly and elliptically
polarized light. Double refraction, quarter waves plates and half wave plates. Polarizing
sheets. Optical activity and applications. Raman & Rayleigh scattering and applications.
Elements of fibre optics attenuation; pulse dispersion in step index and parabolic index fibres;
material dispersion. Lasers, characteristics of laser light spatial and temporal coherence.
Focusing of laser beams and applications.
3. Heat and Thermodynamics: Thermal equilibrium and temperature. The zeroth law of
thermodynamics. Heat and the first law of thermodynamics. Efficiency of Carnot engines.
Entropy and the second law of thermodynamics. Kinetic theory and the equation of state of an
ideal gas. Mean free path, distribution of molecular speeds and energies. Trasport
phenomena. Andrew’s experiments van der Waals equation and applications. Joule Kelvin
effect and applications. Bronian motion. Thermodynamic potentials Maxwell relations. Phase
transitions. Kirchhoff’s laws. Black body radiation – Stefan Boltzmann law, spectral radiancy,
Wien displacement law, application to the cosmic microwave background radiation, Planck
radiation law.
4. Electricity and Magnetism: Electric charge, Coulomb’s law, electric field, Gauss’ law.
Electric potential, van de Graff accelerator. Capacitors, dielectrics and polarization. Ohm’s law,
Kirchhoff’s first and second rules, resistors in series and parallel, applications to two loop
circuits. Magnetic field Gauss’ law for magnetism, atomic and nuclear magnetism, magnetic
susceptibility, classification of magnetic materials. Cirulating charges, cyclotron, synchrotron.
Hall effect. Biot Savart law, Ampere’s law, Faraday’s law of induction – Lenz’s law. Inductance.
Alternating current circuits – RC, LR, single loop LRC circuits, impedance, resonance, power in
AC circuits. Displacement current, Maxwell’s equations (MKS Units), electromagnetic waves,
energy transport and Poynting vector.
5. Atomic and Nuclear Physics: Photoelectric effect, Einstein’s photon theory. Bohr’s
theory of hydrogen atom. Stern Gerlach experiment, quantisation of angular momentum,
electron spin. Pauli exclusion principle and applications. Zeeman effect. X ray spectrum,
Bragg’s law, Bohr’s theory of the Mosley plot. Compton effect, Compton wavelength. Wave
nature of matter, de Broglie wavelength, wave particle duality. Heisenberg’s uncertainty
relationships. Schroedinger’s equation eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of (i) particle in a box,
(ii) simple harmonic oscillator and (iii) hydrogen atom. Potential step and barrier penetration.
Natural and artificial radioactivity. Binding energy of nuclei, nuclear fission and fusion.
Classification of elementary particles and their interactions.
6. Electronics.: Diodes in half waves and full wave rectification, qualitative ideas of
semiconductors p type and n type semiconductors, junction diode, Zener diode, transistors,
binary numbers, Logic gates and truth tables, Elements of microprocessors and computers.
1. Mechanics and Waves: Dimensional analysis. Newton’s laws of motion and
applications, variable mass systems, projectiles. Rotational dynamics kinetic energy, angular
momentum, theorems of moment of inertia and calculations in simple cases. Conservative
forces, frictional forces. Gravitational potential and intensity due to spherical objects. Central
forces, Kepler’s problem, escape velocity and artificial satellites (including GPS). Streamline
motion, viscosity, Poiseuille’s equation. Applications of Bernoulli’s equation and Stokes’ law.
Special relativity and Lorentz transformation length contraction, time dilation, mass energy
relation.
Simple harmonic motion, Lissajous figures. Damped oscillation, forced oscillation and
resonance. Beats, Phase and group velocities. Stationary waves, vibration of strings and air
columns, longitudinal waves in solids. Doppler effect. Ultrasonics and applications.
2. Geometrical and Physical Optics: Laws of reflection and refraction from Fermat’s
principle. Matrix method in paraxial optics thin lens formula, nodal planes, system of two thin
lenses. Chromatic and spherical aberrations. Simple optical instruments magnifier, eyepieces,
telescopes and microscopes.
Huygen’s principle reflection and refraction of waves. Interference of light – Young’s
experiment, Newton’s rings, interference by thin films, Michelson interferometer. Fraunhofer
diffraction single slit, double slit, diffraction grating, resolving power. Fresnel diffraction half
period zones and zone plate. Production and detection of linearly, circularly and elliptically
polarized light. Double refraction, quarter waves plates and half wave plates. Polarizing
sheets. Optical activity and applications. Raman & Rayleigh scattering and applications.
Elements of fibre optics attenuation; pulse dispersion in step index and parabolic index fibres;
material dispersion. Lasers, characteristics of laser light spatial and temporal coherence.
Focusing of laser beams and applications.
3. Heat and Thermodynamics: Thermal equilibrium and temperature. The zeroth law of
thermodynamics. Heat and the first law of thermodynamics. Efficiency of Carnot engines.
Entropy and the second law of thermodynamics. Kinetic theory and the equation of state of an
ideal gas. Mean free path, distribution of molecular speeds and energies. Trasport
phenomena. Andrew’s experiments van der Waals equation and applications. Joule Kelvin
effect and applications. Bronian motion. Thermodynamic potentials Maxwell relations. Phase
transitions. Kirchhoff’s laws. Black body radiation – Stefan Boltzmann law, spectral radiancy,
Wien displacement law, application to the cosmic microwave background radiation, Planck
radiation law.
4. Electricity and Magnetism: Electric charge, Coulomb’s law, electric field, Gauss’ law.
Electric potential, van de Graff accelerator. Capacitors, dielectrics and polarization. Ohm’s law,
Kirchhoff’s first and second rules, resistors in series and parallel, applications to two loop
circuits. Magnetic field Gauss’ law for magnetism, atomic and nuclear magnetism, magnetic
susceptibility, classification of magnetic materials. Cirulating charges, cyclotron, synchrotron.
Hall effect. Biot Savart law, Ampere’s law, Faraday’s law of induction – Lenz’s law. Inductance.
Alternating current circuits – RC, LR, single loop LRC circuits, impedance, resonance, power in
AC circuits. Displacement current, Maxwell’s equations (MKS Units), electromagnetic waves,
energy transport and Poynting vector.
5. Atomic and Nuclear Physics: Photoelectric effect, Einstein’s photon theory. Bohr’s
theory of hydrogen atom. Stern Gerlach experiment, quantisation of angular momentum,
electron spin. Pauli exclusion principle and applications. Zeeman effect. X ray spectrum,
Bragg’s law, Bohr’s theory of the Mosley plot. Compton effect, Compton wavelength. Wave
nature of matter, de Broglie wavelength, wave particle duality. Heisenberg’s uncertainty
relationships. Schroedinger’s equation eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of (i) particle in a box,
(ii) simple harmonic oscillator and (iii) hydrogen atom. Potential step and barrier penetration.
Natural and artificial radioactivity. Binding energy of nuclei, nuclear fission and fusion.
Classification of elementary particles and their interactions.
6. Electronics.: Diodes in half waves and full wave rectification, qualitative ideas of
semiconductors p type and n type semiconductors, junction diode, Zener diode, transistors,
binary numbers, Logic gates and truth tables, Elements of microprocessors and computers.
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