GEOLOGY SYLLABUS
Part - I
a) General Geology: Solar System. The Earth: its origin, age and internal constitution.
Volcanoes types, distribution geological effects and products. Earth quakes intensity,
magnitude, distribution, causes and effects. Elementary ideas about isostasy, geosynclines,
mountain building, continental drift, sea floor spreading and plate tectonics.
b) Geomorphology: Basic concepts. External and internal processes. Rock weathering. Cycle
of erosion. Fluvial landforms and drainage patterns. Landforms of Aeolian, marine, glacial
and ‘Karst’ landscapes. Elements of Remote Sensing.
c) Structural and field Geology: Primary and secondary structures. Dip and strike of beds.
Unconformities. Study of folds, joints, faults, foliation and lineations. Overthrusts and nappe
structures. Stages of rock deformation. Construction of block diagrams, Stereographic and
equal area nets. Solutions of simple problems by stereographic net. Topographic maps and
their interpretation. Use of clinometer compass in the field Measurements of bed, foliation,
folds joints, faults and lineations in the field. Principles of geological mapping. Effects of
topography on outcrops. Drawing of sections.
Part – II
a) Crystallography: Elements of crystal structure. Laws of crystallography, Symmetry
elements of normal classes of seven crystal systems. Properties and interaction of light and
crystalline matter. Petrological microscope and accessories. Construction and use of Nicole
prism. Pleochroism, double refraction, extinction angle, birefringence and twinning in
crystals, Isotropic, uniaxial and biaxial minerals.
b) Mineralogy: Physical, chemical and optical properties of the following common rock forming
minerals: quartz, feldspar, mica, pyroxene, amphibole, olivine, garnet, chlorite, carbonates,
aluminosilicates. Structure of silicates and crystal chemistry of minerals. Gemstones.
c) Economic Geology: Ore, ore mineral and gangue. Classification of ore deposits. Important
processes of their formation. Occurrence, origin and distribution in India of the ores of
aluminium, chromium, copper, gold, lead, zinc, iron, manganese and radioactive elements.
Deposits of minerals use as abrasives, refractories and in ceramics, deposits of coal and
petroleum. Elements of prospective of mineral deposits.
Part – III
a) Igneous Petrology: Origin of magma and formation of igneous rocks. Bowen’s reaction
principle. Crystallisation of binary systems. Classification of igneous rocks. Textures and
structures of igneous rocks. Composition, origin and mode of occurrence of granite, syenite
diorite, mafic and ultramafic groups, anorthosites and alkaline rocks.
b) Sedimentary Petrology: Sedimentary process and products. Classification of sedimentary
rocks. Sedimentary structures. Residual deposits – their mode of formation, chacteristics
and types, Clastic deposits – their classification, mineral composition and texture.
Elementary ideas about the origin and characteristics of quartz arenites, arkoses and
greywackes. Siliceous and calcareous deposits of chemical and organic origin.
c) Metamorphic Petrology: Types and factors of metamorphism. Zones, grades and facies of
metamorphism. Regional and contact metamorphism. Textures and structures of
metamorphic rocks. Metamorphism of argillaceous, arenaceous, calcareous and basic
rocks. Metasomatism.
Part – IV
a) Paleontology: Habits and habitats of animals. Fossils and fossilization. Modes of
preservation. Application of fossils, Study of morphology and geological history of
Foraminiferida, Brachipoda, Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Cephalopoda, Trilobita, Echinoidea and
Anthozoa. Mammals of Siwalik Group. A brief study of Gondwana flora.
b) Stratigraphy and Geology of India: Fundamental laws of stratigraphy. Stratigraphic
classification lithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic. Geological time
scale. Physiographic divisions and outline of stratigraphy of India. Brief study of Dharwar,
Vindhyan and Gondwana Supergroups and Siwalik Group with reference to their major
subdivisions, lithology, fossils, aerial distribution and economic importance.
Part - I
a) General Geology: Solar System. The Earth: its origin, age and internal constitution.
Volcanoes types, distribution geological effects and products. Earth quakes intensity,
magnitude, distribution, causes and effects. Elementary ideas about isostasy, geosynclines,
mountain building, continental drift, sea floor spreading and plate tectonics.
b) Geomorphology: Basic concepts. External and internal processes. Rock weathering. Cycle
of erosion. Fluvial landforms and drainage patterns. Landforms of Aeolian, marine, glacial
and ‘Karst’ landscapes. Elements of Remote Sensing.
c) Structural and field Geology: Primary and secondary structures. Dip and strike of beds.
Unconformities. Study of folds, joints, faults, foliation and lineations. Overthrusts and nappe
structures. Stages of rock deformation. Construction of block diagrams, Stereographic and
equal area nets. Solutions of simple problems by stereographic net. Topographic maps and
their interpretation. Use of clinometer compass in the field Measurements of bed, foliation,
folds joints, faults and lineations in the field. Principles of geological mapping. Effects of
topography on outcrops. Drawing of sections.
Part – II
a) Crystallography: Elements of crystal structure. Laws of crystallography, Symmetry
elements of normal classes of seven crystal systems. Properties and interaction of light and
crystalline matter. Petrological microscope and accessories. Construction and use of Nicole
prism. Pleochroism, double refraction, extinction angle, birefringence and twinning in
crystals, Isotropic, uniaxial and biaxial minerals.
b) Mineralogy: Physical, chemical and optical properties of the following common rock forming
minerals: quartz, feldspar, mica, pyroxene, amphibole, olivine, garnet, chlorite, carbonates,
aluminosilicates. Structure of silicates and crystal chemistry of minerals. Gemstones.
c) Economic Geology: Ore, ore mineral and gangue. Classification of ore deposits. Important
processes of their formation. Occurrence, origin and distribution in India of the ores of
aluminium, chromium, copper, gold, lead, zinc, iron, manganese and radioactive elements.
Deposits of minerals use as abrasives, refractories and in ceramics, deposits of coal and
petroleum. Elements of prospective of mineral deposits.
Part – III
a) Igneous Petrology: Origin of magma and formation of igneous rocks. Bowen’s reaction
principle. Crystallisation of binary systems. Classification of igneous rocks. Textures and
structures of igneous rocks. Composition, origin and mode of occurrence of granite, syenite
diorite, mafic and ultramafic groups, anorthosites and alkaline rocks.
b) Sedimentary Petrology: Sedimentary process and products. Classification of sedimentary
rocks. Sedimentary structures. Residual deposits – their mode of formation, chacteristics
and types, Clastic deposits – their classification, mineral composition and texture.
Elementary ideas about the origin and characteristics of quartz arenites, arkoses and
greywackes. Siliceous and calcareous deposits of chemical and organic origin.
c) Metamorphic Petrology: Types and factors of metamorphism. Zones, grades and facies of
metamorphism. Regional and contact metamorphism. Textures and structures of
metamorphic rocks. Metamorphism of argillaceous, arenaceous, calcareous and basic
rocks. Metasomatism.
Part – IV
a) Paleontology: Habits and habitats of animals. Fossils and fossilization. Modes of
preservation. Application of fossils, Study of morphology and geological history of
Foraminiferida, Brachipoda, Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Cephalopoda, Trilobita, Echinoidea and
Anthozoa. Mammals of Siwalik Group. A brief study of Gondwana flora.
b) Stratigraphy and Geology of India: Fundamental laws of stratigraphy. Stratigraphic
classification lithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic. Geological time
scale. Physiographic divisions and outline of stratigraphy of India. Brief study of Dharwar,
Vindhyan and Gondwana Supergroups and Siwalik Group with reference to their major
subdivisions, lithology, fossils, aerial distribution and economic importance.
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